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Acropolis
The Acropolis is the universally recognised symbols of Ancient Greece,
the most important monument in the ancient western world, the faded
remnants of Pericles' city of temples, the sight that you must visit.
It is lavishly coloured and gilded of gargantuan statues, some of
bronze, others of marble plated with gold and encrusted with precious
stones. The Propylaia, which formed the towering entrance to the
Acropolis was built by Mnesikles in the 430s BC. The Parthenon is
unsurpassed in its grace and harmony, the largest Doric temple ever
completed in Greece. The Parthenon had a dual purpose - to house
the 12 metres statue of Athena; the city's protector, and to serve
as the treasury for the tribute money from Delos. It was built on
the site of at least four earlier temples, all dedicated to the
worship of Athena. Beside the Parthenon is the Erechtheion, immediately
recognisable for its much-photographed Caryatids, the six maidens
who take the place of columns. The onsite Acropolis Museum houses
a collection of sculptures and reliefs from the site. |
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Theatre of Dionysos
The Theatre of Dionysos lies on the southeastern slope of the Acropolis.
The first theatre on this site erected in the 6th century BC. Here
goatskin-clad performers sang and danced during the Festival of
Great Dionysia.
Plays by Aeschylus, Sophocles, Aristophanes were first staged here
at 5th-century BC religious festivals. The theatre was reconstructed
in stone and marble by Lycurgus between 342 and 326 BC.
The auditorium could seat 17,000; of an original 64 tiers of seats,
about 20 tiers still survive. The 2nd-century reliefs at the rear
of the stage depict the exploits of Dionysos. The two hefty,
hunched-up selini were worshippers of the mythical Selinos of the
oversized phallus, who charged up mountains in lecherous pursuit
of nymphs. He mentored Dionysos - with whatever energy he had leftover. |
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Ancient Agora
The Agora (market) was employ for all public acitivities - administrative,
commercial, political and social activity back in the old day. All
roads led here, and it was bustling and crowded.
Socrates could be seen expounding his philosophy, and in 49 AD,
St Paul disputed here daily in an attempt to win converts to Christianity.
A good place to begin an exploration of the site is in the reconstructed
Stoa of Attalos, originally built in 159-138 BC; its expensive shops
were a popular stamping ground for moneyed Athenians.
In the vicinity is the Agora Museum, where there's a model of the
Agora upstairs along with a collection of finds from the site. The
Temple of Hephaestus, on the western edge of the Agora,
dates from 449 BC and is the best-preserved Doric temple in Greece.
To the northeast of the temple are the foundations of the Stoa of
Zeus Eleutherios, one of the places where Socrates spoke to the
masses.
Near the southern entrance of the market is the Church of the Holy
Apostles, which was built in the early 11th century to commemorate
St Paul and his teachings. Have a look at the Byzantine frescoes
inside. |
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Tower of the Winds &
Roman Agora
The octagonal marble Tower of Winds built in the 1st century BC
by Syrian astronomer Andronicus. It served as a sundial, weather
vane, water clock and compass.
Each side has a relief of a figure floating through the air, depicting
the wind associated with that point. The weather vane was a bronze
Triton that revolved upon the top of the tower, disappeared long
ago.
The Roman Agora, though little more than a heap of rubble to
the average eye, does hold an interesting nugget or two. Its entrance
is through the well-preserved Gate of Athena Archegetis,
flanked by four Doric columns. To the right of the entrance are
foundations of a 1st-century public latrine, and in the southeast
area are the foundations of a propylon and a row of shops. |
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National Archaeological
Museum
It should be visited early in the morning before the guided tours
turn the echoing marble halls into a deafening Babel.
This museum, which opened in 1874, has the world's best collection
of Greek antiquities. Straight ahead from the entrance foyer is
the museum's tour de force, the Hall of Mycenaean Antiquities, is
filled with gleaming gold. The star attraction is the Mask of Agamemnon.
The Neolithic Collection includes finds from Thessaly, as well as
pottery, figurines and jewellery from Troy, and the Cycladic Collection
includes the largest Cycladic figurine ever found.
Other rooms hold archaic, classical, late classical, Hellenistic
and Roman period sculpture; bronze; pottery; and other exquisite
objects and antiquities.
Of particular note is the Thira Exhibition, consisting of spectacular
Minoan frescoes unearthed at Akrotiri on the island of Santorini.
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Benaki Museum
Benaki Museum situated at the northeast corner of the National Garden,
houses a sumptuous and eclectic collection from Europe and Asia
including jewellery, costumes and two icons by El Greco. It was
a present from Antoine Benaki who turned his family house into a
museum and presented it to Greece.
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